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            <h1 style="display: none">10.linux网络</h1>
            
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                    本文最后更新于：2022年10月27日 早上
                  
                
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                <h2 id="1-配置IP地址"><a href="#1-配置IP地址" class="headerlink" title="1. 配置IP地址 "></a>1. 配置IP地址 </h2><h3 id="1-1-ifconfig临时配置IP"><a href="#1-1-ifconfig临时配置IP" class="headerlink" title="1.1 ifconfig临时配置IP"></a>1.1 ifconfig临时配置IP</h3><ul>
<li>  查看与配置网络状态</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="3-查看网络环境"><a href="#3-查看网络环境" class="headerlink" title="3. 查看网络环境 "></a>3. 查看网络环境 </h2><h3 id="3-1-查询网络状态"><a href="#3-1-查询网络状态" class="headerlink" title="3.1 查询网络状态"></a>3.1 查询网络状态</h3><ul>
<li>  netstat 选项</li>
</ul>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>选项</th>
<th>含义</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>-t</td>
<td>列出TCP协议端口</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-u</td>
<td>列出UDP协议端口</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-n</td>
<td>不使用域名与服务名，而使用IP地址和端口号</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-l</td>
<td>仅列出在监听状态网络服务</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-a</td>
<td>列出所有的网络连接</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<figure class="highlight 1c"><i class="iconfont icon-top" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#collapse-ol444vlacl5vpe"></i><span>1c</span><div class="collapse show" id="collapse-ol444vlacl5vpe"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs 1c">netstat -tlun<br>netstat -an <span class="hljs-string">| more</span><br>netstat -unt <span class="hljs-string">| grep  ESTABLISHED</span><br><br></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>

<h2 id="4-网络测试命令"><a href="#4-网络测试命令" class="headerlink" title="4. 网络测试命令 "></a>4. 网络测试命令 </h2><h3 id="4-1-ping"><a href="#4-1-ping" class="headerlink" title="4.1 ping"></a>4.1 ping</h3><ul>
<li>  ping [选项] ip或域名</li>
<li>  测试指定IP或域名的网络状况</li>
<li>选项<ul>
<li>  -c 次数指定ping包的次数</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight stylus"><i class="iconfont icon-top" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#collapse-8pb6splacl5vpe"></i><span>stylus</span><div class="collapse show" id="collapse-8pb6splacl5vpe"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs stylus">ping www<span class="hljs-selector-class">.baidu</span><span class="hljs-selector-class">.com</span> -c <span class="hljs-number">3</span><br><br></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>

<h3 id="4-2-wget"><a href="#4-2-wget" class="headerlink" title="4.2 wget"></a>4.2 wget</h3><ul>
<li>  下载命令</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight awk"><i class="iconfont icon-top" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#collapse-qq8fcylacl5vpe"></i><span>awk</span><div class="collapse show" id="collapse-qq8fcylacl5vpe"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs awk">wget http:<span class="hljs-regexp">//</span>www.baidu.com<br><br></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>

<h2 id="5-远程登录"><a href="#5-远程登录" class="headerlink" title="5.远程登录 "></a>5.远程登录 </h2><h3 id="5-1-SSH协议原理"><a href="#5-1-SSH协议原理" class="headerlink" title="5.1 SSH协议原理"></a>5.1 SSH协议原理</h3><h4 id="5-1-1-对称加密算法"><a href="#5-1-1-对称加密算法" class="headerlink" title="5.1.1 对称加密算法"></a>5.1.1 对称加密算法</h4><ul>
<li>  采用单密钥系统的加密方法，同一个密钥可以同时用作信息的加密和解密，这种加密被称为对称加密。</li>
<li>  非对称加密算法 需要公钥和私钥</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="5-1-2-SSH-安全外壳协议"><a href="#5-1-2-SSH-安全外壳协议" class="headerlink" title="5.1.2 SSH 安全外壳协议"></a>5.1.2 SSH 安全外壳协议</h4><ul>
<li>  ssh 用户名@ip</li>
<li>  远程管理指定Linux服务器</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight vbnet"><i class="iconfont icon-top" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#collapse-j0n8dalacl5vpe"></i><span>vbnet</span><div class="collapse show" id="collapse-j0n8dalacl5vpe"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs vbnet">[root@<span class="hljs-number">192</span>-<span class="hljs-number">171</span>-<span class="hljs-number">207</span>-<span class="hljs-number">101</span>-<span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> ~]# ssh root@<span class="hljs-number">192.171</span>.<span class="hljs-number">207.101</span><br>The authenticity <span class="hljs-keyword">of</span> host <span class="hljs-comment">&#x27;192.171.207.101 (192.171.207.101)&#x27; can&#x27;t be established.</span><br>RSA <span class="hljs-keyword">key</span> fingerprint <span class="hljs-built_in">is</span> a4:<span class="hljs-number">97</span>:<span class="hljs-number">52</span>:eb:<span class="hljs-number">0</span>a:<span class="hljs-number">0</span>b:<span class="hljs-number">35</span>:a0:<span class="hljs-number">98</span>:<span class="hljs-number">7</span>d:<span class="hljs-number">4</span>f:c8:<span class="hljs-number">3</span>b:dc:f9:<span class="hljs-number">0</span>a.<br>Are you sure you want <span class="hljs-keyword">to</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">continue</span> connecting (yes/no)? yes<br><span class="hljs-symbol">Warning:</span> Permanently added <span class="hljs-comment">&#x27;192.171.207.101&#x27; (RSA) to the list of known hosts.</span><br><br></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>

<p>/root/.ssh/known_hosts</p>
<figure class="highlight awk"><i class="iconfont icon-top" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#collapse-6h4jzhlacl5vpe"></i><span>awk</span><div class="collapse show" id="collapse-6h4jzhlacl5vpe"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs awk"><span class="hljs-number">192.171</span>.<span class="hljs-number">207.101</span> ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAomDpQxV3RmjJyKkf7elMTInbdm+<span class="hljs-regexp">/ZLnFpfbAryi5PSb2ewfYbwRaBcVl1lBta6yjFuz0J12p9qy90DBhadvoBsfwTB8lQhmlT8B2eCcHr0bfLa1IdKMcjImxRJiD4v0emCGFquHnHIr41vs8uxQ2Ek28mH/</span><span class="hljs-number">1</span>JC0e<span class="hljs-regexp">/+VPEvylBB4+Kk2789ACdAlmhGTtlu7zgeUoLaWQSl1/</span><span class="hljs-number">6</span>g7zfSLIz+<span class="hljs-regexp">/U8qGiRSPaGT+M40oqx/</span>PZdoGOMTRhHgNIR5qgvcNaJXhlZGYT42fLFSmtzUHJ030hP7JGZ99oXS20<span class="hljs-regexp">/mnc8qvonC9itp0+K/</span>nCj5g6uR<span class="hljs-regexp">/gPFb5B0NmTZCM2/g</span>cLkHumw==<br><br></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>

<h4 id="5-1-3-scp"><a href="#5-1-3-scp" class="headerlink" title="5.1.3 scp"></a>5.1.3 scp</h4><ul>
<li>  scp是 secure copy的缩写, scp是linux系统下基于ssh登陆进行安全的远程文件拷贝命令</li>
<li>  linux的scp命令可以在linux服务器之间复制文件和目录</li>
<li>  命令格式 scp [参数] [原路径] [目标路径]</li>
</ul>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>参数</th>
<th>含义</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>-r</td>
<td>递归复制整个目录</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-v</td>
<td>详细方式显示输出</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h5 id="5-1-3-1-从本地服务器复制到远程服务器"><a href="#5-1-3-1-从本地服务器复制到远程服务器" class="headerlink" title="5.1.3.1 从本地服务器复制到远程服务器"></a>5.1.3.1 从本地服务器复制到远程服务器</h5><figure class="highlight elixir"><i class="iconfont icon-top" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#collapse-dax81rlacl5vpe"></i><span>elixir</span><div class="collapse show" id="collapse-dax81rlacl5vpe"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs elixir">scp local_file remote_username<span class="hljs-variable">@remote_ip</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:remote_folder</span>  <br>scp -r local_folder remote_username<span class="hljs-variable">@remote_ip</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:remote_folder</span>  <br><br></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>

<h5 id="5-1-3-2-从远程服务器复制到本地服务器"><a href="#5-1-3-2-从远程服务器复制到本地服务器" class="headerlink" title="5.1.3.2 从远程服务器复制到本地服务器"></a>5.1.3.2 从远程服务器复制到本地服务器</h5><figure class="highlight elixir"><i class="iconfont icon-top" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#collapse-7u0sp1lacl5vpe"></i><span>elixir</span><div class="collapse show" id="collapse-7u0sp1lacl5vpe"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs elixir">scp  remote_username<span class="hljs-variable">@remote_ip</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:remote_folder</span>  local_file<br>scp -r  remote_username<span class="hljs-variable">@remote_ip</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:remote_folder</span> local_folder<br><br></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
                
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